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TOWN OF HINGHAM,












ILLUSTRATIONS.

VOLUME 1. -PART 11.

OLD MEETING-TIOUSE . . . . . . . . . . . ... .


OLD MEFTING-11OUSE PULPIT . . . . . . . . . . . . COTIASSET MERTING-ROUSF . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


SOUTH HINGHAM MEETtNG-Housn . . . . . . . . . .

NEw NORTH MEFTINU-lfOUSF . . . . . . . . . . . .


METHODIST FFisCOPAL MEETING-11OUSE . . . . . . . .

UNIVERSALIST MERTINC-Housn . . . . . . . . . . .

EVANGELICAL CONGREGATIONAL MEETING-11OUSE . . . . .


EPISCOPAL CHURCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


BisHor's CHAIR IN THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH . . . . . .
Engraved by WALLACE CORTHELL from a Photograph by FRANCIS H. LINCOL


HINCHAm HIGH SCHOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DERBY ACADEMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PORTRAIT OF MADAM DERBY . . . . . . . . . . . .



SFAL OF DERBY ACADEMY . . . . . . . . . . .. . .

PORTRAIT OF DR. EzEKIEL HERSEY . . . . . . . . . .


HINGHAM PUBLIC LIBRARY . . . . . .
Engraved by WALLACE COR I CELL

PORTRAIT OF ALBERT FEARING . . . . . . . . . . .

24

35
37
40
49
57

62
65
67
69

71

73

79

99 416 126


135 138


145

148

mribDoitp Iftess:

JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAIIBRIDG~


TABLE OF CONTENTS.



p'
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY . . . . Frands 11. Lineoln 1
EDUCATION . . . . . . . . . 11 11 83
MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE . George Lincoln . . . . 155
AoRICULTURE . . . . . . . . Edmund Ifersey . . . 181
PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . Fearing Barr . . . . 193

PUBLIC CONVEYANCES . . . . . Francis 11. Lincoln 241

FIRE DEPARTMFNT . . . . . . 11 11 257
WATER WORKS . . . . . . . . Charles Jf. S. Seymour . 261
PUBLU, INSTITUTIONS . . . . . Francis JL Lincoln 271
LODGES AND SOCIETIES . . . . . 11 11 289
NATIVE AND RESIDENT PHYSICIANS Ceorge fincoln, . . . . :i07

NATIVE AND RESIDENT LAWYERS . Feancis H. Lincoln 327
NATIVE MINISTERS . . . . . . 11 11 341
BURIAL GROUNDS . . . . . . . George Lincoln :.-) 5
MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS . . . . . Francis IT Lincoln '179

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387

IA.. HINGHAM PUBLIC LIBRARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 From a photograph by FRANCIS B. LINCOLN.



STEAMER EAGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
STEAMER LAFAYETTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
STEAMER GENERAL LINCOLN . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
STEAMER MAYFLOWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

STEAMER NANTASKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
PLAN OF STEAMBOAT LANDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . 249
STEAMER GovERNou ANDREW . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
ACCORD POND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
From a photograph by CHARLES W. S SEYMOUR.


LORING HALL, INSURANCE COMPANY, AND SAVINGS BANK
BUILDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
WILDER MEMORIA1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
SOCIETY OF MUTUAL Aie . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
PORTRAIT OF LIEUT.-GoVERNoR LEvi LINCOLN. . . . . 334
PORTRAIT OF SOLOMON LiNcOLN . . . . . . . . . . 336
PORTRAIT OF GovENNoR LONG . . . . . . . . . . . 338
EARLY SETTLERS' MONUMENT, FORT HILL CEMETERY 362
From a photograph by FRANCIS H. LiNcor.,C
ENTRANCE To HIGH STREET CEMETERY . . . . . . . . 364
From a photograph by FRANCIS 11. LINCOLN.
ENTRANCE To HINGHAM CEMETERY . . . . . . . . . . 366
From a photograph by FRANCIS 11. LINCOLN.
TOMB OF Riev. EBENEZER GAY, D.D .. . . . . . . . . 368
From a photograph by FRANCIS 11. LINCOLN.
HINGHAM CEMETERY CHAPEL . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
FIRST SETTLERS' MONUMENT, HINOIIAM CEMETERY . . . . 370
VIEW IN HINGHAM CENTRE CEMETERY . . . . . . . . . 373
From a photograph by FRARCIR 11 LINCOLN.
TOWN SEAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Engraved by WALLACE CORTHELL.

EPCLEISIASTICAL HISTORY.



THE OLD MEETING-HOUSF, IIINGIIAM~ (EuLCIED 1681.)

FIRST PARISH.


THE first church in Hingham was formed in September, 1635. Rev. Peter Hobart, of Hingham, in Norfolk, England, carne to Charlestown in June, 105. Mr. Hobart was educated at ]Nlagdalene College, Cambrid.p, where lie was graduatod in 1625. lie declined the invitations of several settlements ts) becoine t1wir pastor, preferring to join that at Bare Cove, where inany of ])is fc1low-townsinen in the old Country were already establisliod. On the second of September, 1635, the nnitic of Bare Cove w9s Changed to Hingham ; Bed on the eiglitecuth of the Some nimith .Nir. Hobart and tiventy-nine others drew for house-lots. Ilere Mr. Hobart gathered the church which was the twelfth in order of time in 'Massachusetts proper.

~11L. I-I*
2 History of Hingham.

During the few years immediately succeeding 1635 settlers came in quite respectable numbers to Hingham; and there is every reaSon to SUDDOSC the church was in a prosperous condition.

Nov. 28, 1638, Mr. Robert Peck was ordained Teacher of the church. In the 11 Peck Genealogy," by Ira G. Peck, we find the following account of him: -


11 Rev. Robert Peck was born at Beccles, Suffolk County, England, in 1580. He was graduated at Magdalene College, Cambridge; the degree of A. B. was conferred upon him in 1599, and that of A. M. in 1603. He was set apart to the ministry, and inducted over the church at Hingham, Norfolk County, England, Jan. 8, 1605, where he remained until 1638, when lie fled from the persecutions of the church to this country."


He was a talented and influential clergyman, I zealous preacher, and a non-conformist to the superstitions, ceremonies, and corruptions of the church, for which be was persecuted and driven from the country. Brook, in his" Lives of the Puritans," gives many facts of interest in relation to him. lit particular, giving some of the offences for which lie and his followers were persecuted, he says: -


For leavitu, catechised his family, and sung a pietim in his own house

on a Lord's day evening, when some of his neighbors attended, his lordship (Bishop Harsnet) enjoined all who were present to do penance, requiring them to say, I I confess my errors,' etc."


Those who refused were immediately excommunicated and required to pay heavy costs. This, Mr. Brook Bays, appears from the bishop's manuscripts under his own hands. He says: 11 Ile was driven from his flock, deprived of his benefice, and fore

seek his bread in a foreign land."

He arrived here in 1638. In relation to his arrival the town clerk of Hingham here says : -


11 Mr. Robert Peck, preacher of the gospel in the town of Hingham, in the county of Norfolk, old England, with his wife and two children and two servants, came over the sea, anal settled in the town of Hingham; and he was a Teacher of the Church."


Mr. Hobart, of Hingham, says in his Diary that lie was ordained here Teacher of the church, Nov. 28, 1638. His name frequentlv appears upon the records of the town. He had lands grante~ him. His family consisted of nine children. He remained here until the long Parliament, or until the periecutions in England ceased, when he returned and resumed his rectorship at Hingham. Mr. Hobart says he returned Oct. 27, 1641. He died at HingImm, England, and was buried in his churchyard there.

Cotton Mather, in his " Magnalia Christi Americana," has the following: -




I- MR, ROBERT PECX.- This light, having been by the persecu tin, prel
ates I put under a busliel,' was, I)v the good providence of Heaven, fetched
away into NewEngland, about the year 1638, where the good people of
our I filudiant did 'rejoice in the IT ht tor a season., . Butwithin two or
three. years the invitation of his friends at Hingham in England persuaded
hini to a return onto them ; where being, though a great person for stat
are,, yet ;I greater for spirit, lie was greatly serviceable for the good of the
clairch."

lit 11 Blomefield's Norfolk " is the followinw:

11 1605, 7 ~Tan. Robert Peck, A. M. THo. Moon ; by grant of Francis 111'rell, But., he was I a inan of a very violent sebismatical spirit ; lie palled down the rails and levelled the altar an(] the whole chancel a foot la-low the church, as it remains to this day; but being prosecuted for it by Bishop Wrent lie fled the kingdom and went over into Aeu,-F~agland, with inany of his parishioners, who sold their estates for half their value, and con~eycd all their effects to that now plantation, erected a town and coloniv, by the name of HINGHAM, where many of their posterity are still remaining. Ile promised never to desert them ; but hearing that Bishops vivre deposed, lie left them all to shift for themselves, and came back to 11inybant in the year 1646. After 10 years' voluntary banishment lie rt-mune4l his rectory, and died in the year 1656.' His funeral sermon was preaelied by Nathaniel Joceline, A. Al., pastor of the church of Hardinghain, and was published by him, being dedicated to Mr. John Sidley, highsheriff; Brampton-Gurdon and Mr. Day, justices of the peace; Mr. Chureh, Mr. Barnham, and Mr. Man, aldermen and justices in the city of Xorivich.

11 1 WN, 25 J14y. Luke Skippon, A.M., was presented by Sir TnoAIAS Wootuiousz, Kitt. and Bart., as on Peck's death, lie having been absent about two years. And in -

" 1(;40, 11 April, the said Luke was reinstituted, the livin~ being void
b ' v lapse, it appearing that Peck was alive since Mippon's fii.4~ institution;
an,] now two years more being past, and lie not appearing, it lapsed to
Ihe Crown, its on Peck's death. But in -
11 16 w, Peck came again, and held it to his death."

A controversy which seriously affected the harmony of the
church and town arose in 1644. The cause was insignificant in
coluparison with the principles it involved. Anthony Eames,
who had been Lieutenant, was chosen Captain of the company of
militia, and was presented to be commissioned by the Council.
Rvfore this was accomplished, dissatisfaction arose, and Bozoan
Allen was; selected. "Winthrop's Journal" gives a long account
of Ihe Iffair, which is quoted at length in Lincoln's 11 History of
Iluu-'hain." Mr. Lincoln's comments are valuable, and lie leaves
nothin., new to be gleaned. The writer of this chapter, with a
Wild regluct for the opinions and industrious research of one
, hilerest in this town and its historv were unceasing, pre
to insert the narrative as given by' him rallu'r than to
alt.-Ilipt :111Y description of his own.
4 History of Hitfgham.





It does not appear that the harniony of the church or the prosperity of the town was interrupted until the year when thu onforta~uatc occurrence, of the military difficulties cause(] a serious injury to bell,. rile prominent part which Mr. Hobart took in this unpleasant controversy rendered him less popular at ]ionic and obnoxious to the governincHt. Ifis friends, however, were much the most numerous and influential party ill the church ; and his conduct in relation to tfie minority, although it gave rise to some jealousy, and in a few instances to strong dislike, does Hot appear to folio diminished the attachment which -it majority of the citizens had uniforod) exhibited towards hill). From the severe and burtliensonie lines and cxperls~s to which lie was subjected in CODS'Noclice of his zeal for popular rights, lie appears to have been relieved by the liberality of the people of his charge

Pieviously to the difficulties of 1644, we have reaBOR to S~Hpposo that, I he lot% n wag flourishing and prosperous. The situation was eligible ; the facilities for fishing and for intercourse with other towns by water contributed to enrich it. In 16,54 it is desel iked. by Johnson, in his 11 Wonder-Working Providence," ill the followin,g manner, viz. : -


,,A place nothing inferiour to their Neighbours for scittlatiou ; and file people have much profited themselv(s liv transportbo, Timber, Planke, and Alast for shipping to the not it of litiston ; as also ceder and Mileboard to supply the wants of other townes, and also to remote parts, even -is far as Barbadoes. They want not for fish for themselves :fit(] others also. This towne consisted of about sixty families. The fertile is tionle. what intricate to describe, by reason of the Seas wasting crookes where it beats upon a mouldering shore. Yet have they compleat streetes in some places. Tile people joyned in Church covenant fit this place were much about an hundred soules, but have here lessened by it sad, noan ,

brotherly contention which fell out anaing tbaon, wasting tlij: v'ry way - continued already for seven yeares' space, to the great grief of all other Churches."


It is this " slid unbrotherIv contention" which first attracts
out- attenhon in file early history of Hingham. It is to be re
gretted that most of the writers of the time when these difficul
ties arose should have been of that class which disapproved of
the proceedings of a majority of the citizens of the town ' and
that no statement by those opposed to them in opinion has been
preserved ; because, It i v comparing opposite statements, we should
perhaps view the Conduct of those of our ancestors who Were
then considered to he acting in an unjustifiable and di~olldvlly



Inainicr, its the result of principles more consonant to the Spirit
.of [in- present ago than to the feelings of men at the time when

I ain auare. however, that there is Justice in the remark of If., Iva i ned editor of Winthrop, when, in speakin', of Governor

Winthiop's account of these affairs,he says, "Ail iniusualfairiless
(ill- a part.%. whose foelings had been so much engaged in the con
trolers ' v is here shown by our author." These difficulties origi
11:11od alilollg~ the members of the military companly, gradually
villisted the feelino,s of the whole town, arrested the attention
oI do, church, were taken cognizance of bv the neighbonirino,
churches, and at last required the interposition of the govern
mont. A sketch of the rise, progress, and termination of those
diiiii-olties will illustrate the principles of our fathers, and give
sione indication of the spirit and asperitiv of controversies when
the prejudices of religion and of politics ivere unfortunatel ' j,'
blooded together. Winthrop, ill his Journal, kol. ii. p. 221, ill
limoloces the sinbject as follows : -

11 Iifii.5. This court fell out a troublesome husines, which took up Touch

tiow. The toon of Hingham, having one Elme., their liententuit scvvii or vight years. had lately chosen him to lie their captain, and had pre so lacd him to the Stalldim~ council for allowance ; but before it was m-olouplidied, tile greater part of the town took some lilght. occasion of ofli-ioc agilinst him, and ebose one Allen to Ile their captain, and pre.

wno-d him to the magistrates (in the time of ill(, last 1,eneral court) to Ile
a I [owed. But the. magistratOS, Consideria, tile injury that would hereby
w, rile to Flnes (who had been their ch f conincander so many years,
le
into] had deserved well in his place, and that Allen had no other ~Jkill tout
what lie learned from Frues), refused to allow of Allen, but willed both
,,ideq to return home, and every officer to keep his place until the court
Almuld talw further order. Upon their return home, the inesseivors, who
i-Noic for Allen, called a private mecting of those of their civil party, all(]
t,,hl t1win truly what answer they received front the magistrates, and Soon
alo-r they appointed a traudn.~ day (without their licultelialit's knooll
Vll,o.), and bein', ivisembled, the lieutenant hearing of it came to theon,
m),I would have extarcised them, as lie was No (lilt to (10, bill those of Ole
iolier party refused to follow him, except Ile would ,how thein som, order
lot. it. Ile told thelin of the ma"i'trates' order about it; the others re
pli."I that authority had advised hin, to go home and lay down his place
houlairably. Another asked, what the inalgistrati,% hall to (10 with them ?
.knoiller, that it Was but three or four of the magiltrates, and if they
li:..l :ill been there., it haol been nothing, for 31r. Allen hall brou'ght, more
fol fluall from the deputies, than the lieutenant had from the inaoistrates.
At~other of there professedi lie will (lie at the sword's point, if lie mil"Jit
Do have the elmice of his own officers. Another (viz. the. clerk of the
1) ond) standg till above the people, an(] requires them to vote, whether
tlll-y ivould bear them out Ili what was past and what was to come. This
boilp, assented unto, and the tumult continuing. one of the officers (lie
v; lie had told them that authority hall advised the lieutenant to go holue
and lay down his place) rvquiic~ Allen to take the captain's place ; but
6 History of Hingham.

lie not then accepting it, they put it to tile vote, whether lie should lie their captain. The vote passim, for it, lie then told the company, it was now past question, ...-I t6--- All.,~ t,,c.ted it- mid exercised the

company two or three days, only about a third part of them followed tile
lieutenant. lie, having denied in the open field, that authority had ad
vised him to la ' v down his place, and putting (in some sort) the lie upon
those i% [to hall so reported, was the next Lord's day called to ansiver it
before the church, and lie Standing to maintain what lie had said, five
witnesses were produced to convince him. Some of them affirmed the
words, the others explained their meaning to be, that one magistrate
had so advised him. Ile denied both. Whereupon the pastor, one Mr.
Ilubbert, (brother to three of the principal in this sedition), was very
forward to have excommunicated the lieutenant presently, but, upon
Some opposition, it Was put off to the next (lay. Thereupon the lieuten
ant and some three or four more of the chief men of the town informed
four of the next magistrates of these proceedings, who forthwith met at
Boston about it, (viz. the deputy governomr, the sergeant major general,
the secretary, and Mr. Hibbins). These, considering the case, sent war
rant to the constable to attach some of the principal offenders (viz. three
of the Hubbards and two more) to appear before them at Boston, to find
sureties for their appearance at the next court, &c. upon the day they
came to Boston, but their said brother the minister mine before them,
and fell to expostulate with the said magistrates about the said cause,
complaining against the complainants, as talebearers, &c., taking it very
disdainfully that his brethren should be sent for by a constable, with other
high speeches, which Were so provoking, is some of the magistrates told
0

him, that, were it not for the respect to his ministry, they would commit him. When his brethren and the rest were come in, the matters of thq information were laid to their charge, which they denied for the most part. So they were bound over (each for other) to the next court of assistants. After this five others were sent for by summons (these were only for speaking untruths of the magistrates in the church). They came before the deputy governour, when lie was alone, and demanded the cause of their sending for, :in(] to know their accusers. The deputy told them so much of the cause as lie could remember, and referred them to the secretary for a copy, and for their accusers be told them they kne%v both the men and the matter, neither was a judge bound to let a criminal offender know his accusers before the (lay of trial, but only in his own discretion, least the accuser might be taken off or perverted, &c. Being required to give bond for their appearance, &c., they refused. The deputy laboured to let them see their errour, and gave them time to consider of it. About fourteen days after, seeing two of theart in the court, (which was kept by those four magistrates for smaller causes), the deputy required them again to enter bond for their appearance, &c., and upon their second refusal committed them in that open court.

., The general court falling out before the court of assistants, the Ilubberts and the two which were committed, and others of 11ingharn, about ninety, (whereof Mr. Ilubbert their minister was the first), presented a petition to the general court, to this effect, that whereas some of them bad been bound over, and others committed by some of the magistrates for words spoken concerning the power of the general court, and their liberties, and the liberties of the church, &c., they craved that the court would bear the cause, &c. This was first presented to the deputies, who




Rent it to tile MaOstrates, desiring their concurrence wifli theni, that the calls(, mi,dit be hieud, &c. The nceistrates, tnarvellin" that thev Would graut such a petition, without desiring cooference first with themselves, Wholn it so much concerned, returned answer, that they were willing tile cattle Should be heard, so as the petitionrs would name the ma.,iltrates %% [lot,, they intended, and the matters they would lay to their charge, &e. Upon this the deputies demanded of the petitioners' agents (who w,.,-o then deputies of the court) to have Satisfaction in those points, whertaipon they sin,gleal out the deputY governour, and two of tile peti. tioncr4 undertook the prosecution. Then tile petition wag returned w-,ain to the magistrates for their consent, &c., who being deSIrOUS that the deputies might take notice, how prejudicial to authoritY and the honour of the court it would be to cull a magistrate to answer cri . .


nally in a cause, wherein nothing of that nature could be laid to his
charge, and that without any inivate examination preceding, did intimate
90 touch to the deputies, (though not directly, yet plainly enough), sbow~
ho, them that nothing criminal &c. was laid to his charge, and that the
things objected to were the act of the court &c. yet if they would needs
have n. hearing, they would join in it. And indeed it was the desire of
the deputy, (klJOWiDg Well [low Much himself and tile Other reagittrates
dill stiffer in the cause, throu-,li the slanderous reports wherewith the
deputies and the country about had been possessed), that the cause
might receive a public heariP&

e The (lay appointed beim, come, the court assembled in the meeting house at Boston. Divers of the elders were. present, and a great assembly of people. The deputy governour, cotain" in with the rest of tile imwistrates, placed himself beneath within the bar, and so sate uncovered. Smile question was in court about his being fit that place (for many both of the court and the assembly were grieved at it). But the deputy tellin,, them, that, being criminally accused, he mi,,ht not sit as Judge in that cause, and if lie were upon the bench, it would bt~ a ~,roat disadvtm. tags to him, for he could not take that liberty, to plead the eUILS1, Which he ought to be allowed at the bar, upon this the court Was satisfied.

I-The petitioners having declared their grievances &c. the deputy craved leave to make answer, which wai to this effect, viz. that lie accounted it no disgrace, but rather :in honour put upon him, to be single(] out from his brethren in the defence of a cause so just (;is lie hoped to make that appear) and of so publick concernment. ' Awl although lie might have pleaded to the petition, and so have demurred in law, upon three points, 1, in thatthereisnothingLud toldsvicirl,,c, thatiqvithercriminalor unjust; 2, if lie had been mistaken either in tile law or in the State of tile case, yet whether it were such as a judge is to be called in question for as a delin. quent, when it doth not appear to be wickedness or Wilfulness; for ill England many erroneous jUdMlleftts are reversed, and errours ill proceedings rectified, and vet the judges not called in question about them

3, in that being thus Singled out from three other of the magistrates, and to answer by himself for some things, which were the, ;let of a court, lie is deprived of the just means of his defence, for many things may be justified as done by four, which are not warrantable if (lone by one alone, and the records of a court are a full justification of :111V act, while Stich record stands in force. But lie was willim, to waive this Idea, and to


make answer to the particular charges, to the cull that the truth of the
case, and of all proceedings thereupon might appear to all men.


Hereupon the court proceeded to examine the whole cause. The deputy justified all the particulars laid to his charge, as that upon credible information of such a Dultill practice, find opei , disturbance of the peace, auk] slighting of authortv, the offenders were sent for, the principal by warrant to the constable in bring them, and others by summons, and that some were bound over to the next court of assistants, and others that refused to be bound were committed ; and all this according to the equity of the lows here established, and the eastern and laws of England, and our constant practice her(, these fifteen Years. And for some speeches lie was charged with as spoken to the delinquents, when they came before him at his house, when none were present with him but themselves, first, lic appealed to the judgment of the court, whether delinquents niq ' v be received as competent witnesses against a magistrate in such a caw ; thell, for the words themselves, some lie justified, some he explained so as no advantage could be taken of them, as that lie should say, that the magistrates could try sorue criminal causes without Littry, that lie knew no law of God or mail, whieli required a judge

make known to the party his accusers (or rather witnesses) before file Cause Came to hearing. But two of them charged him to have said that it was against the law of God and man so to do, which bad been absurd, for the deputy professed he knew no law against it, only a judge may sometimes, in discretion, conceal their names &c. least they should be tampered with, or conve3ed out of the way &c.

Two of the ma-istrates and many of the deputies were of opinion that the mal,istrates exercised too much power, and that the people's fil erty was thereby in danger ; and other of the deputies (being about all) and till the rest of tile magistrates were of a different judgment, and that aullioritv was overmuch slighted, which, if not tilrody remedied, Would endanger the com moil weal tl I, and bring its to a mere democracy. By occasion of this difference. there was not so orderly carriage at the hearing, as was meet, each side striving unseasouablY to enforce the evidence, and declaring their judgments thereupon. which should have been reserved to a met c private debate (us after it was), so as the best part of two days was spent in this publivic agitation and exturtination of witnesses &c. This being ended, a committee was chosen of magistrates and deputies, who stated the case, as it appeared upon the whole pleading and evidence,, though it cost much time, and with great difficulty did the committee come to accord upon it.

" The case being stated and agreed, the mR.6strates and deputies consid
ered it apart, first the deputies, having spent a whole day, and not attain
in,, to any- isinie, sent ill) to tile magistrates to have their thoughts about
it, who taking it into consideration, (the deputy always withdrawing when
that matter cattle into debate), agreed upon these four points chiefly ; 1.
that the petition was false and scandalous, 2. that those who were bound
over &e. and others that were parties to the disturbance at Ifingliam,
were all offenders, though in different degrees, 3. that they and the peti
tioners were to be censured, 4. that the deputy goveTnour ought to be
acquit and righted &e. This being sent down to the deputies, they spent
divers da ' ys about it, and made two or three returns to the magistrates,
and though they found the petition false and scandalous, and so voted it,
Yet they Would not agree to any censure. The magistrates, on the other
side, were resolved for censure, and for the deputy's full acquittal. The
deputies being thus hard held to it. and growing weary of the court,



for it he(niu (3) 14, and brake not up (save one week) till (5) 5, were
folo"Ilt thev should pay the charges of the court. After, thev were
,IT Two lo (~no;4,ia to some small lines, but in this they would have drawn
in lieutenant Hines to have been filled deeply, lie being, neither plaintiff
low h-fewhot, but an infornier onlv, and had made good all tile points
of Ilk information, and no offenot, iound ill him, other dent that which
o t' Ater adjud'p.d wortIlY of :1,1111ollitioli kollY; :Uld they would have
illop"'ll tile f lcirl,,cs of the cotut upon the who](- trained [vind :it Iling
Illill. whell it was apparent, t1cit divers were inuovent. and had no hand in
:it,.,. of these looevedingg. The rinigi.,Lrates not (.(,it sell tilll~ to so tilanifest
ill.i1i'live, they sent to tile deputies to desire theill to join with then) in
collov, in the help of tile elders, (for they were tion, assembled at Care
I slit I rom a I I parts of t lie ITT i i te. I I 'o I oil it -s, ain I (I i verq of them were
pre,eut when the cause was Iniblield ' v heard. and declared themselves
much 'grieved to see that the deputy governotti should be ealled forth to
an,wer us a delinquent in such a case is this wns, and inic of then), in
tile Twine of the rest, had written to him to that offect, feariie, lest lie

WA would 1, no means consent thereto, for they knew that ,,:my of the elders Understood tile cause, and were more careful to uphold the honour and poe or if tile magistrates than themselves well liked of, mul many of them (:ot Ihe request of tile elder and others of the chtin-h of Ilitudetin duriw, tbik . (,art) had be~u at Ifingloun, to see if they could settle peace in the chun-h there, and found the elder and others the petitioners in great hult &c. After this (upon motion of the deputie,) it was agieed to refer the cause to qrbitrators, accordim, to in order of the coult, when tile Rcu'i'll'ates Told deputies cannot a,gree &e. The magistrates named six of Tile elders of tile, Ilext towns, and left it to them to choose any three or four (if them. arid required them to naine six others. The deputies findin-, themselves now at tile wall, and not daring to trust. the elders w ill] (TIc came, they sent to desire that six of themselves mi,dit count mid couler with the magistrates, which tieing granted. they etone, find lit best cattle to this agreement, viz. the chief petitioners and the rest of tile off,-nolcrs were severally finked, (all their lines not amounthor to 51) Isonuk). thR rest of the petitioners to bear qual share to T)O pounds more towaid, thu charges of the court, (two of the principal offenders iiere the del'oties of tile iown, Joshua Ilubbert; and Bozonq Allen, tit,,, first was fined 20 pounds. and the other ,-) pounds), lieutenant Holes to be under ::;I ,~iui i Lion, tile deputy 'po,ornour to be legallY :tit<] Imblickly acquit of


kecordiw, to this n,,rccment, (5) 3, presently after the lecture tile
mag,istrates and deputies took their plaves ill the meeting house, :tit(] the
p q&~ beincy come toluother, and the deputy govertiour placinIg himself
within the bar, as :it the time of the hearing &c. the governour ieqd tile
'eliff'llce of the court, without ~lyeakiilg :my more, for the deputies Icid
(1o. importunity) obtained a promise of silence from the magistrates.
Th"ll Alois the deputy olvernour desired by the court to go up and
t;ke his place again ;ipo'n the bench, which lie (]ill according] ' V, and the
cool 1, beilo, about to arise, lie desired leave for a little specell, which
wal to this effect.

I qupposo something may be expected from me, upon this clell-c that k hefiallen me. which moves me to speak now to you ; let I intond not to internieddle in the proceedinIgs of the court, or with any of tile

10 History of Hingham.

persons concerned therein. Only I bless God, that I see an issue of this troublesome business. I also acknowledee the justice of the court,

aud, lor a,;__ T --~6.flcd T wns milidickly charged,
and I am publickly trial legally acquitted, which is all I did expect or
desire. Anti though this be sufficient for my justification before men,
Yet Dot so before the God, who hath seen so much amiss in my dis~
pe"Satiolls (and even in this affair) aA calls me to be bunible. For to be
publicklY and criminally charged in this court, is matter of humiliation,
(and I desire to make a ri,ght use of it), notwithstanding I be thus
acquitted. If Tier father had spit in her face, (saitb the Lord concerning
Alhiani), should site not have been ashamed seven days? Shuttle halt
lien upon Tier, whatever the occasion had been. I am unwilling to stay
you from your urgent affairs, yet give me leave (upon this special ores.
Bion) to speak a little more to this assembly. It may be of some good
use, to inform and rectify the judgments of some of the people, arid may
prevent such distempers as have arisen amongst its. The great ques
tions that have troubled the country. tire about the authority of the
magistrates and the liberty of the people. It is yourselves who have
called its to this office, and being called by you, we have our authority
from God, in way of an ordinance, such as hith the image of God emi
riently stamped upon it, the contempt and violation whereof bath been
vindicated with examples of divine vengeance. I entreat you to consider,
that when you choose magistrates, you take them from among your
selves, men subject to like passions as you are. Therefore when you see
infirmitieg in us, ' you should reflect. upon your own, and that would make
.You bear more with us, and not be severe censurers of the failing$ of
your magistimles, when you have continual experience of the like infirali
ties in yourselves and others. We account him a good servant

breaks not his covenant. The covenant between you and us is the oath you have taken of us, which is to this purpose, that we shall govern you and judge your causes by the rules of God's laws and our own, according to our beat skill. When you agree with a workman to build you a ship or house &e. lie undertakes as well for his skill as for his faithfulness, for it is his profession, and you pay him for both. But when you call one to lie a magistrate, he doth not profess nor undertake to have suffi. cient skill for flult office, nor can you furnish him with gifts &c. therefore you must run tile hazard of his skill and ability. But if be fail in faith. fulne;s, which by his oath he is bound unto, that he must answer for. If it fall out that the case be clear to common apprehension, and the rule clear also, if lie transgresses here, the errour is not in the skill, but tit the evil of the will : it must be required of him. But if the cause be doubtful, or the rule doubtful, to men of such understanding and parts as your magistrates are, if your magistrateR should err here, yourselves must bear it.

11 1 For tile other point concerning liberty, I observe a great mistake in the country about that. There is a twofold liberty, natural (I mean as our nature is now corrupt) and civil or federal. The first is common to men with beasts and other creatures. By this, man, as he stands in relation to man simply, both liberty to do what he lists ; it is a liberty to evil as well as to good. This liberty is incompatible and inconsistent with authority, and Cannot endure the least restraint of the most just authority. The exercise and maintaining of this liberty makes men grew more evil, anti in time to be worse thin brute beasts ; c unnes sumus licentia deleri-




~r,s. i, lll!kt "reat ctlelliv of truth and peace, tbat wil(i beast, wiliel,
:111 tit., ordin:no-es i f God :11-0 beat agailvt, to restrain awl Rob(ine it.
The "do r kind of 11;xertv 1 --;,111 i4_1 4 -11.1 .11- 1",

111"Tal, in n-ference to tile covenant betwee n od and man, in tile moral
fle. :11i'l file politic covellants find Constitutions lmoll,~St anal theill'(1ves.
I hi, lik,rt , v is tit(! proper elld ail(] Object of authority, lool cannot subsist
oluno it ; and it is a lifterty to (fiat only Which is' good, just, and 1 0
    'I'lliA ) Tl-

"t. I i bet ty you tire to stand for, with tile Inizard (,,of only of
Plar goods, but) of voln. lives, if need be. Whatsoever crosseth this, i's
it,,( authority, but a distemper thercof. This liberty is maintained and
, ~~ rvi,ed in a wt, ' v of subjection to authority ; it is of flat same kind of
hb.-rt Thewoman'sownchoicomakes
Rtc,ha man her husband; yet beingso chosen, lie is her lord, and she is
to he subject to him, yet in q way of liberty,tiotof boadacre; andatrue
wife accounts Tier subjection her bonour and freedom, still would not
think her condition safe and free, but in Tier subjection to Tier husband*s
authority, Such is the liberty of the church under the authority of
Clokt, her king and husband; his yoke is easy and sweet to lier'ss a
larid,'g ornaments ; and if through frowardness or wantonness &e. she
lb:Llill it Off, ',it any time, she is at no rest in Tier spirit, until site take
it if, again ; and whether her lord smiles upon her, and embraceth list
    I

Ili lik arms, or whether he frowns, or rebukes, or smiles her, she appre
It. od,; the sweetness of his love in all. %nd is refreshed, supported, and
iii,iTucted by every such dispensation of his authorit I v over her On the
wh,r Ride, ye know who they are that complain of this yoke at;d say, let
ij~ break their bands Ate. we will not have this man itit rule over us.
Even so, brethren, it will be between you and your magistrates. If , volt
,euA for your natural corrupt liberties, arid will do Whitt is good if] yet]]
own V - V(181 - Von Will not endure the least weight of authority, but will
non-four, and oppose, and be always striving to 8hake off that Yoke ; but
if I ou will lie satisfied to enjoy such civil and lawful liberties, such zli
Cl~i i,,t allows you, then will you quietly and cheerfully submit Onto that
:tit hority which is set over )-on, in all the administrations of it, for Year
1, 1. Wherein, if we fail tit any time, we hope we shall be Willing (by
GO's assistance) to hearken to good advice from any of you, or in any
;alo-r wa ' v of God ; so sluilt ' vour liberties lie preserve(], In upholding the
aniour arid power of authority amongst you.,,,

'[Iie following notes of the proccedings of The deputies ind
      in relation to this affair were collected by Mr. SavaorC

and pul,lished in his edition of Wintlirop:-

-I'lle frst order of the magistrates is :is follows Fined the persons
afn-r inunud tit such sums as hereafter tire expressed, having )well as mod
--n;:v and gone :is low as they ally ways could with the holdill-- Up of
;tit lority in any measure, anti the maintenance of justive, desirml- tile
,onvurrence of the deputies herein, that at length an end may be Put to
this lole, and, tedious business,

&shua Hubbard is fined . . . . . . . . t20 00 00
1:4111ond I hlbbard . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 On (o
I'lMunag llubbard . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 00 00
Ednwml Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 01) of
.I~Aut Faul,leam . . . . . . . . . , - -. 20 00 no
12 History of Hingham

    John Towers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 00 00 Daniel Uterthin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 00 William Hersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 (o 00 Air. Bozon Allen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 01) OU Air. Peter Hubbard, tbefirst that subscribed the petition, 2 00 00


All the rest of tile petitioners tieing fined 81,out of which number are eXcepted three ; viz., Mr. Peter Hubbard, John Foulodiame, suit John Toweta. The rest, frisking 78, are fined 20 shillings a piece, the sartin of which is - 1155 Ill.


We have also voted, that, accorditin, to the order of the general court, for so ]out, time as their (!:lose hath been in liandlite, the petitioners shall bear the charge of the 1-neateral court, the slim of which costs is to be crost tip unit agreed by the court when the cause is finished.'

    The House of Deputies, havile, issued the Ilitil-Ilitrin business before

tire juillpient of our Intimated neigigtrateo; upon the case came flown,
tire ' V have hereunder expressed their determinate censures upon such as
they find delinquent in the case; viz.,

    Jo,ohua Hubbard is fined .. . . . . . . . X20 00 0

    Anthony Eames . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 00 On

    Thomas Ilabloord . . . . . . . . . I . . 4 00 00

    Edmond Hubbard . . . . . . . . . . . 10 00 00 150

    Daniel Cushan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 00 00

    Williarn Hersev . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 00 00

    Afir. Allen, beslide his proportion with the naintimid. 1 00 00

    Edmond Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 00 00


Tobe rest of the trainband of Ilingharn, that have air equal vote .allowed thern by law for the choice of their military officers, are fined 55

I finds, to be paid by equal proportion; the which said sums of 50 and

                              pounds are laid upon the said delinquents for the satiot of tile i,

Cbar,gv of the court occasioned by the hearing of the cause, in case the said charge shall arise to tile surn of 105 pounds. Tire deputies desire the consent of the neigistrates herein.'

11 Several discordant votes passed each branch before the business wits brought to its close."


After giving an account of the proceedings of the court, Winthrop remarks as follows : -


I should 1mve mentioned the Hingham case, what care quid pains
imin v of the elders had taken to reconcile the differences which were
grown in that church. Air. Hubliert, the pastor there, lating of a Presby
toerin] spirit, (lid mmurPo all affairs without the church's advice; which
divens of the congregation not liking of, thev were divided lit two parts.
Lieutenant Ernseq. &e., havin ' , complained t~ the magistrates, is is before
expresqed, Air. flubliert, fi would have east him out of tbe church, pre
tendin., that lie told it lie ; whereupon they procured tire elders to write
to the church, and so did some (if the magistrates also; whereupon the ' V
sta * ved proceeding against the lieutenant for a day or two. But lie and
some twelve more of them. perceiving lie was resolved to proceed,
and finding no way of reconciliation, they withdrew from the church, and
openly declared it in the congregation. This course the elders (lid not
approve of. But being present if, tire court when their petition agaillst
the deputy govertiour wits heard, Mr. Ilubbert, perceivin.g the cause was

            Eir-desiastical History. 13


11i,,l' too -_'.I :W~lirhlt loila And his party, desireal the elders to go to Ifing am
to, rodiat. 3 reconciliation (whivii he would never licarkon to before,
1,#.lll,,o Soulmid, I)v tile Other Party and mitered by the elders) in
rl,.. lot, rito if the court's adjournment for one week. They readily
e. I pod (he Illotion, and went to I Hughatir and spent two or three davot
ill, ,,, !,all mind ill(! pastor and his party in great fault, but could 1~ot
hrin,_, him to :my acknowledgment. In their return by water they were
ko-pt turill - N-four hours in the Imat, ;in([ were in great danger by occasion
ill 3 nalls-st ulkich arose in the night; but the Lord preserved them."

];lit tho difficultics did not terminate liere. The authority of _,.eC11lllWlit, wits resisted whell tile inarshal attempted to levy the jilic., imposed oil the petitioners. The following is Wintlit-op's f , clul of tile matter : -


to 11; If;. 26. ( 1.) ] The govertmor :full council met at Boston to take
".1, 1. ol ... lit a ro~sctju which thet, w,-re informed of to [lave been committed
it Hill.-rilial upoll tile neirshal, when lie went to levy the fines imposed
ii~o,tu Mr. Hubberit their pastor and many others who joinit(I with him in
r',.~ poitimi waire;t the ma,,dstrates, to. And havine taken the infor
lit'li..11 of fill. mardial trial others, they seat out surnuroni for their
opp, ol.io c at another da1v ; at which time Mr. Itubberd cattle act, nor
- lot :11.% excu,v, thou"li it was proved that lie was :it home tend that
Ill, 'llullamr, wa~ lel't at his house. Whereupon lie was seat for by
Ot e-holeat dirvcted to tile constable, who brought him at the da ' v of fit(
to in i it . And beipe, their cbarl~fal with joilling ill tile said rescue toy afli-
oiiw flit! offenders and dil;vouralgin,g the olliver, questioning the all
I
th.-ti:.o of h1i Ill because it was not in the kinly's jumie, and Set,lil,r
                        .1 1

lit, allegiance to the crown of England and exemption front such m , 1~ were not at'rettable to tile laws of England, qaYilc' to the inardeal floor le, could never know wherefore lie. was fine(], except it were for petillouilw, all-[, if they were so waspish that they night not be petitioned, It.- kiwa, not what to sity to it, &C. -all the answer he would 1,tive was. that. if If(- hall broken ativ wholesome law not repirelifint to the laws (If Ele-dard. It(! was really U; Submit to censure. So lie was bound over to tile [Next I ourt of assistalles.

    Plot court being at Boston, Air. llubbord appeared, and the, marshal'%

          7

information and other concurrent testimony being read to him'and hil; an,wer demanded. lie d"Irell to know lit what state lie stood, and what (Ifi'llee lie should be charged with, or what wholesome law of the Lind, "tot rl-pa, flalt to tire law of England, lie had broken. The court told hiin Ol it lit(! inatters lie wast charged with amounted to a seditious practice, vid deroceation and contempt of aittlioritv. Ile still pressed to kilow It 1. it LW, &C. Ho Wag told that tile call 'which he had taken was a bear I., trial ; and, besides, the law of God, which we were to Jud,,o by in

.I.c (If a defect of :11, expret;o; law. Ile said that the law of God :ill
lnitf,-d variote; interpretation,, &c. Then lie desired to see his accusers.
I'pol, that tire ou'rlial was called, who justined his information. Then
Ill- b-,ired to lie tried by a jllrY. :old to have the witnesses produced vira
Tlw seeretar ' y told him that two were present and the third was
,v,--rii to his ex: ... divition (but in that lie was mistaken, for he had not
11, , if worto : bid to satifY hiril lie wits sent for and leworn in court.
I It,. tilatter,, testified a"ailist him were his speeches to the marshal before
          I

14 History of Hinghain.

thirty persons against our authority and government, &c. 1. That we were but as a corporation in England; 2. That by our patent (as lie understood it), we could not put tiny man to death, nor do divers other
things which we did; 3. That lie knew not wheref 1 1 _-

ore Lite gUlLeFUL court had fined them, except it were for petitioning; and if they were so waspish (or captious) as they might not be petitioned, &c. -and other speeches tending to disparage our authority and proceedings. Accordingly a bill was drawn up, Atc., and the jury found that he seemed to be ill affected to this government, and that his speeches tended to sedition and contempt of authority. Whereupon the whole court (except Mr. Bellin,-,ham, who judged him to deserve no censure, and desired in open court to have his dissent recorded) adjudged him to pay 20 pounds fine, and to be bound to his good behaviour till the next court of assistants, and then farther if the court should see cause. At this sentence his spirit rose, and he would know what the good behaviour was, and desired the immes of the jury and a copy of all the proceedings, which was granted him; and Be he was dismissed at present."


]it 1646 the celebrated petition of Dr. Child and six others for the abolition of 11 the distinctions which were maintained here, both ill civil and church estate," and that the people of this country might be wholly governed by the laws of England, was Presented to the House of Deputies. Six of the petitioners were cited before the court and charged with great offences contained in this petition. They nppealed to the Parliament of England, and offered security to abide I~y their sentence; but the court tlioug~ht proper to sentence the offenders to fino and imprisonment. The petitioners then resolved to lay their case before Parliament ; and Dr. Child, Mr. Vassall, and Mr. Fowle went to England for thnt purpose.1 But it appears that they met will) very ill success in their exertions. Their papers were published at London by Major John Child, brother of Dr. Robert Child, in a tract entitled " New England's Jonas Cast up at London," in allusion, probably, to the reinark of Mr. Cotton in one of his sermons, " that, if any shall carry any writings at- complaints against the people of God in this country to England, it would be as Jonas in the ship." This tract was answered by Mr. Winslow, who was then in Eiil,lqnd, in another tract, entitled 11 The Salamander," " wherein," says Winthrop, 11 lie cleared the justice of the proceedings" of the Vverpinent here.

I introduced this notice of the petition of Dr. Child and others
for the purpose of correcting an error into which Hutchinson and
Neal have fallen in confoundin ' g this controversy with that of our
ruilitary dispute which created so much excitement in the country.
It is proper to mention, however, that Mr. Hobart was suspected
of 1, buying a hand in it," and consequently was obliged to suffer
another of the mortifications to which the relentless spirit of per-

11 An amusing account of the superstitious terror of some of the passengers in the vessel in which the petitioners went to England, and of the ill success of their petition, may be found in Neal's " History of New tilglarl


            Ecclesiastical History. 15


iteration lend subjected Iiiiii. I give, bowever, Winthrop's account in his own words:


    t oqu. ku). q. J I nes c . c tostucell ot 1~ollol, U. o.

,Ill. petitioners Dr. Child, &c., were taken into consideration, and it was
thotudit needful to send some able men to England, with commission and
instructions to satisfy tile commissioners for plantations about those com
plaints ; anti because it was a matter of so great and general concernment,
such of the elders its could Ile had were seat for, to have their advice in
the matter. Mr. Hubbard, of Hingham. Game with the rest; but the
court, being informed that lie had so hand in a petition which Air. Vassall
curried into England against the country in general, the governour pro
pounded that if any elder present had any such hand, &c., lie would with
draw himself. Mr. Hubbard sitting still it good space, and no man

8peaking one of the deputies informed the court that Mr. Hubbard was the mail suspected; whereupon he rose and said that lie knew nothing Of any such petition. The governour replied, that, seeing lie was now named, lie must needs deliver his mind about him ; which was, that, although they laid no proof present about the matter of the petition, and therefore his denial was a sufficient clearing, &c., yet in regard lie had so much opposed authority and offered such contempt to it, as for which lie had been lately bound to his good behaviour, he thought lie would (in discretion) withdraw himself, &c., whereupon he went out. Then the governour put the court in mind of a great miscarriage, in that our secretest counsels were presently known abroad, which could not be but by some among ourselves, and desired them to look at it its a matter of great unfaithfulness, and that our present consultations might be kept in the breast of the court, and not be divulged abroad, as others had been."


Winthrop then remarks upon a special providence of God (as lie terms it), in which lie takes it for granted that Mr. Hobart, the people of Hingham, and Dr. Child entertained similar views, if they did not openly combine their efforts to proinote them.


11 1 must here observe a special providence of God, pointino~ out his displeasure against some profaire persons who took part with Dr. Child, &c., against the government and churches here. The court had appointd a general fast, to seek God (as for some other occasions, so) in the trouble which threatened us by the petitioners, &c. The pastor of Ilingliani,and others of his church (being of their party), made light of it, and some said they would not fast against Dr. Child and against themselves ; and there were two of them (one Pitt and Johnson) who, having a great raft of inasts :aid planks (worth forty or fifty pounds) to tow to Boston, would needs set forth about noon the day before (it being impossible they could get to Boston before the fast; but when they came at Castle Islan;1 there arose such a tempest, as carried away their raft, an(] forced them to cut their inast to save their lives. Some of their masts and planks they recovered after, where it had been cast on shore ; bill when they canic with it to the Castle, they were forced back again, and were so oft put [lack 'a ith contrary winds, &c., as it was above a month before they could bring all the remainder to Boston."


The editor of Winthrop in noticing, these remarks ~cry justly Observes, that 11 unless we be always careful to consider the cause

16 Hi8tory of Hingham.

of any special providence, we may fail in our views of the displeasure of God ; " and notices tile fact that the elergy, when they came to this town to reduce the church ineli to sobriety, 11 were kept twenty-four hours in the beat, lind were in great donger by occasion of a tempest."

The last time at which Mr. Hobart was made, to feel the displeasuro of the government was in 1647. Winthrop mentions it in tire following inariner : -


11 4. (6). There was a great marriago to be solemnized at Boston. The bridegroom beieg of Ifilorhale, Mr. flubbiLrd's church, fie was procared to preach, and came to Boston to that end. But the magistrates, hearho, of it, sent to him to forbear. The FeaSODS were, 1. for that his spirit ]to(] been discovered to be adverse to our ecclesiastical and eivil government, and lie was a bold man, and would speak his rabid, 2. we were oot willinor to bring in the English custom of ministers'performing the, solemnity, 07 Dearrize-0, which SeralODS at Such tialeS alhilit iliduce, but if ariv minister were present, and would bestow a word of exhortation, &C., it was permitted."


I have thus gleaned from Winthrop all the facts %ihich his valliable journal contains, relating in any manner to the military difficulties ill this town, and to the conduct of the most prominent individuals concerned in them.

The dispassiormt;c trader, while be will give to Winthrop all
the credit to which his impartiality entitles him, cannot fail to
discovet some circumstances which tend to extenuate the crimi
nality of the conduct of a large and respectable portion of the
inhabitants of this town. The convictions which (lie deput ' v gov
ernor entertained of the disorderly and seditious course of Mr.
Hobart and his friends were deep and strong ; and in some in
stances his conduct indicated anything but a charitable spirit
towards those whose principal error (if iqny) consisted in their
attachment to more liberal views of government than those gen
erqlly entertained at that time.
Winthrop acknowledges, that "the great questions that troubled
the country were about the authority of the magistrates and the
liberty of ille people." "Two of the magistrates and many (if
the deputies," esteemed for piety, prudence, and justice, 11 were
of opinion that the magistrates exercised too much power, and
that the people's liberty was thereby in thinger," and the tell
dency of their principles and conduct was (in the opittion of the
deput ' v governor), to have brought the commonwealth 11 to a
more democracy."

Thus we learn that one of the militarY company liere professed 11 he would die lit the swo point, if lie might not have the choice of his own officers.!,~`qsorne of the principles and privileges for which our fathers contended, were undoubtedly too liberal and republican for the spirit of the age in which they lived. They were, perhaps, injudicious and indiscreet in their


            Ecclesiastical Histor-Y. 17


cad.~ovo],s io promote their views ; and probably in some instances re;.!ht not have expressed that respect for tile constituted authori-

i. 4 11 ) %; 1 ; iv h their -hatractei entit I Pd tile in. The most superfici-I ~-:Avr, howeA er, trial- discover in the eondect of tire deprity gov 1-1 Wo- 101110him, of ilic spirit of bigotry which was, unfortunately, t fict, allowed to affect the judgments of tire wisest and best of no-n at that little, and which operated very much to the injury of tbov who entertained more liberal opinions in politics an4 p.1w,ioll. file deputies, although conscious of the disorder which R~wh principles inight cause in the community, did net feel so S 1-011111 it disregard of tile motives of the pes~)Ple of llingbaril, ~% hielt impelled thern to the course which they pursued, as to in,]a(-(- them to consent to impose on them heavy fines, without rivat reluctance.

The deputv goiernor appears to have been very sensitive on I he subject oi intiovations upon the authority of government, and stningli. bent, not only upon punishing, but desirous of publicly 'E'.-'racilag lit(. " p rofatic " people of Ilitigharn. lit, seellis to have

Bible, Testairivrit, and ,ill nto the corrinion law," its
it it v it ' V for the severe, measures which were taken to mortify
t1wir h-clings and to check the spread of principles so democratic
in tio-ir tendency, tied so dangerous to 1110 interests of the coal
lit, In wealth. Accordingly, we find that the magistrates seat. to
Mr. Ilobart to forbear delivering a discourse on tile occasion of
tlo~ aro-ri:o, of one of his Church, at p(st(
le D, arminy other reaioql~, 1~ because lie was a hold mail, ,tied would speak his illital."

The effect of this controversy does not appear to lane been ultimately injurious to the most conspicuous individiells vilgaged in it. Air. Hobart, the pastor of Ifilighana, enjoyed the estvern ,if his people, and as has been before remarked, was relieved fr"Ill tile severe penalties which lie incurred, li_~ the libetality of th'. p-ople of the town, His brother Joshua was afterwards fl~ .1to-1111% a deputY, and in 1674 lie was honored by an election U. ill(. otbre of Speaker to the House of Deputies.

It i.A to Is, admitted that tile excitement necessarily caused by
Ow a._,ilafi(lJ of this business served to retaid the giovvtli and
looverit , v of ill(! town ; and while the effects of tile displeasure
of Ow V.oCralliellit were Operating to its injury, marly of the in
habitants removed to other places.

Tlw adairs (of the church were apparently in it peaceable and

condition after the conclusion of this troublesome atI or. Nothilor of importance occurred until the declining strength

Ow %cuorablo poster necessitated the settlottient of a succesill l1w person of Mr. John Norton, in 1678. Mr. Hobart was 11-1 it, his -venti.-lifth Yeur, in(] lie, had served this people faith lull~ :111.1 ~% ith trial ked ability for over finty-three years.

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