THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

The germ of the free public school system of Iowa, which now ranks second to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had migrated to the "Beautiful Land" from other

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and older States, where the common school system had been tested by many years' experience, bringing with them some knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be enjoyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system thus planted was expanded and improved in the broad fields of the West, until now it is justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the country.

Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered humble log school houses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the earliest settlers were occupied by their brave builders. In the lead mining regions of the State, the first to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneers provided the means for the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings for their families. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. Whenever a little settlement was made, the school house was the first united public act of the settlers; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time only disappeared when the communities had increased in population and wealth, and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa been more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school houses, which, long since, superseded the log cabin of the first settlers. To-day, the school houses which everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of Iowa are unsurpassed by those of any other State in the great Union. More especially is this true in all her cities and villages, where liberal and lavish appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for the erection of large, commodious and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, and costing from $10,000 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have expended more than $10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings.

The first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by James L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the Autumn of 1833.

Mrs. Caroline Dexter commenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. The first tax for the support of schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840.

Among the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commodious log school house in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Pierson taught the first school in the Winter of 1834-5.

The first school in Muscatine County was taught by George Bumgardner, in the Spring of 1837, and in 1839, a log school house was erected in Muscatine, which served for a long time for school house, church and public hall. The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield Miss Clarissa Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839.

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When the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the Territory of Iowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The first sale of lots took place August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about twenty families had settled within the limits of the town; and during the same year, Mr. Jesse Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now College street.

The first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the Summer of 1844, a log school house was built, and the first school was opened. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a log school house was built.

At Fort Des Moines, now the Capital of the State, the first school was taught in the Winter of 1846-7.

The first school in Pottawattamie County was opened at Council Point, prior to 1849.

The first school in Decorah was taught in 1853. In Osceola, the first school was opened by Mr. D.W. Scoville. The first school at Fort Dodge was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C. Carpenter, since Governor of the State. In Crawford County, the first school house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied it as teacher.

During the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log school house prevailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for school purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually disappearing. In 1865, there were 796; in 1870, 336; and in 1875, 121.

Iowa Territory was created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the Territorial Legislature passed an act providing that "there shall be established a common school, or schools, in each of the counties in this Territory, which shall be open and free for every class of white citizens between the ages of five and twenty-one years." The second section of the act provided that "the County Board shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the voters resident within such contemplated district." These districts were governed by boards of trustees, usually of three persons; each district was required to maintain school at least three months in every year; and later, laws were enacted providing for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, and that whatever additional sum might be required should be assessed upon the parents sending, in proportion to the length of time sent.

When Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a population of 100,000, and with 20,000 pupils within its limits, about four hundred school districts had been organized. In 1850, there were 1,200, and in 1857, the number had increased to 3,265.

In March, 1858, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that "each civil township is declared a school district," and provided

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that these should be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900.

This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of the expenditures for the compensation of District Secretaries and Treasurers. An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub-district system. The Legislature of 1870, provided for the formation of independent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. The system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1849; and new schools, in which more than one teacher is employed are universally graded.

The first official mention of Teachers' Institutes in the educational records of Iowa, occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made December 2, 1850.

In March, 1858, an act was passed authorizing the holding of Teachers' Institutes for periods not less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teachers should desire. The Superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one Institute, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the Institute might direct for teachers and lecturers, and one thousand dollars was appropriated to defray the expenses of these Institutes.

The Board of Education at its first session, commencing December 6, 1858, enacted a code of school laws which retained the existing provisions for Teachers' Institutes. In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended the act of the Board by appropriating "a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such Institute, held as provided by law in each county."

By act approved March 19, 1874, Normal Institutes were established in each county, to be held annually by the County Superintendent, and in 1876 the Sixteenth General Assembly established the first permanent State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and property of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose.

The public school system of Iowa is admirably organized, and if the various officers who are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth are faithful and competent, should and will constantly improve.

"The public schools are supported by funds arising from several sources. The sixteenth sections of every Congressional Township was set apart by the General Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to the State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of five per cent. on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it; the proceeds of all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived from these sources

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constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The penalties collected by the courts for fines and forfeits go to the school fund in the counties where collected. The proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent. fund go into the State Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties according to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long terms at eight per cent. interest, on security of land valued at three times the amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The interest on these loans is paid into the State Treasury, and becomes the available school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned by the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in proportion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also levied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources constitutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable every sub-district in the State to afford from six to nine months' school each year.

The taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. Under the admirable school laws of the State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected for the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the election of the district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are the pride of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been sometimes built at a prodigal expense, the tax payers have no one to blame but themselves. The teachers' and contingent funds are determined by the Directors, under certain legal restrictions. These boards are elected annually, except in the independent districts, in which the board may be entirely changed every three years. The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for support of schools is the county school tax, which is determined by the County Board of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dollar; usually, however, but one.

In his admirable message to the General Assembly, just previous to retiring from the Gubernatorial chair, Gov. Gear has the following to say concerning the public schools of Iowa:

"The number of school children reported is 594,750. Of this number 384,192 are, by approximation, between the ages of six and sixteen years. The number of all ages enrolled in the schools is 431,513, which shows that much the greater proportion of children of school age avail themselves of the benefits of our educational system. The average attendance is 254,088. The schools of the State have been in session, on an average, 148 days.

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"There is doubtless, quite a percentage of children who attend schools other than those of a public character. Yet the figures I have quoted show clearly that very many children, through the negligence or unwillingness of parents, do not attend school at all, but are in a fair way to grow up in ignorance. I, therefore, earnestly suggest that you consider the expediency of enacting a compulsory educational law, which should require attendance upon schools of some kind, either public or private. To me it does seem as if the State shall not have done her full duty by the children, until she shall have completed her educational system by some such enactment.

"The interest in the normal institutes is maintained, and, beyond doubt, they render great aid in training the teachers who attend them.

"The receipts for all school purposes throughout the State were $5,006,023.60, and the expenditures $5,129,279.49; but of these receipts and expenditures about $400,000 was of money borrowed to refund outstanding bonds at lower rates of interest.

"The amount on hand aggregated, at the end of the fiscal year, $2,653.356.55. This sum is, in my judgment, much larger than the necessities of the schools require, and it would be well to impose some check to prevent an excessive or unnecessary levy of taxes for school purposes."

The significance of such facts as these is unmistakable. Such lavish expenditures can only be accounted for by the liberality and public spirit of the people, all of whom manifest their love of popular education and their faith in the public schools by the annual dedication to their support of more than one per cent. of their entire taxable property; this too, uninterruptedly through a series of years, commencing in the midst of a war which taxed their energies and resources to the extreme, and continuing through years of general depression in business--years of moderate yield of produce, of discouragingly low prices, and even amid the scanty surroundings and privations of pioneer life. Few human enterprises have a grander significance or give evidence of a more noble purpose than the generous contributions from the scanty resources of the pioneer for the purposes of public education.

POLITICAL RECORD

TERRITORIAL OFFICERS

Governors--Robert Lucas, 1838-41; John Chambers, 1841-45; James Clarke, 1845.

Secretaries--William B. Conway, 1838, died 1839; James Clarke, 1839; O.H.W.Stull, 1841; Samuel J. Burr, 1843; Jesse Williams, 1845.

Auditors--Jesse Williams, 1840; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843; Robert M. Secrest, 1845.

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Treasurers--Thornton Bayliss, 1839; Morgan Reno, 1840.

Judges--Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838; Joseph Williams, 1838, Thomas S. Wilson, 1838.

Presidents of Council--Jesse B. Browne, 1838-9; Stephen Hempstead, 1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 1841-2; John D. Elbert, 1842-3; Thomas Cox, 1843-4; S. Clinton Hastings, 1845; Stephen Hempstead, 1845-6.

Speakers of the House--William H. Wallace, 1838-9; Edward Johnston, 1839-40; Thomas Cox, 1840-1; Warner Lewis, 1841-2; James M. Morgan, 1842-3; James P. Carleton, 1843-4; James M. Morgan, 1845, George W. McCleary, 1845-6.

First Constitutional Convention,1844--Shepherd Leffler, President; Geo. S. Hampton, Secretary.

Second Constitutional Convention, 1846--Enos Lowe, President; William Thompson, Secretary.

OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT

Governors--Ansel Briggs, 1846 to 1850; Stephen Hempstead, 1850-1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858; Ralph P. Lowe, 1858 to 1860; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864; William M. Stone, 1864-1868; Samuel Morrill, 1868 to 1872; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872 to 1876; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1876 to 1877; Joshua G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878; John H. Gear, 1878 to 1882; Buren R. Sherman, 1882 to ---.

Lieutenant Governors--Office created by the new Constitution September 3, 1857 --Oran Faville, 1858-9; Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-1; John R. Needham, 1862-3; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-5; Benjamin G. Gue, 1866-7; John Scott, 1868-9; M.M. Walden, 1870-1; H.C. Bulis, 1872-3; Joseph Dysart, 1874-5; Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-7; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-82; O.H. Manning, 1882 to ---

Secretaries of State--Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1846 to Dec. 4, 1848; Josiah H. Bonney, Dec. 4, 1848 to Dec. 1, 1850; George W. McCleary, Dec. 2, 1850 to Dec. 1, 1856; Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, to Jan. 5, 1863; James Wright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867; Ed. Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 6, 1873; Josiah T. Young, Jan. 6, 1873, to 1879; J.A.T. Hull, 1879 to ---.

Auditors of State--Joseph T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850; William Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854; Andrew J. Stevens, Dec. 4, 1854, resigned in 1855; John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855, to Jan. 3, 1859; Jonathan W. Cattell, 1859, to 1865; John A. Elliot, 1865 to 1871; John Russell, 1871 to 1875; Buren R. Sherman, 1875 to 1881; W. V. Lucas, 1881 to ---.

Treasurers of State--Morgan Reno, Dec. 18, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850; Israel Kister, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852; Martin L. Morris, Dec. 4, 1852, to Jan. 2, 1859; John W. Jones, 1859 to 1863; William H. Holmes, 1863 to 1867; Samuel E. Rankin, 1867 to

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1873; William Christy, 1873 to 1877; George W. Bemis, 1877 to 1881; Edwin G. Conger, 1881 to ---

Superintendents of Public Instruction--Office created in 1847--James Harlan, June 5, 1845 (Supreme Court decided election void); Thomas H. Benton, Jr., May 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854; James D. Eads, 1854-7; Joseph C. Stone, March to June, 1857; Maturin L. Fisher, 1857 to Dec. 1858; when the office was abolished and the duties of the office devolved upon the Secretary of the Board of Education.

Secretaries of the Board of Education--Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 1859-1863; Oran Faville, Jan. 1, 1864. Board abolished March 23, 1864.

Superintendents of Public Instruction--Office re-created March 23, 1864--Oran Faville, March 28, 1864, resigned March 1 1867; D. Franklin Wells, March 4, 1867, to Jan., 1870; A.S. Kissell, 1870 to 1872; Alonzo Abernethy, 1872 to 1877; Carl W. von Coelln, 1877 to 1882; J. W. Akers, 1882 --.

State Binders--Office created February 21, 1855--William M. Coles, May 1, 1855 to May 1, 1859; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 1867; James S. Carter, 1867 to 1870; J.J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; H.A. Perkins, 1874 to 1878; Matt Parrott, 1878 to ---.

Registers of the State Land Office--Anson Hart, May 5, 1855 to May 13, 1857; Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857 to Jan. 3, 1859; Amos B. Miller, Jan. 3, 1859 to October, 1862; Edwin Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862 to Jan. 5 1863; Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 5, 1863 to to Jan. 7, 1867; Cyrus C. Carpenter, Jan. 7, 1867 to January, 1871; Aaron Brown, January 1871 to January 1875; David Secor, January, 1875 to 1879; J.K. Powers, 1879 to ---.

State Printers--Office created Jan. 3, 1840--Garrett D. Palmer and George Paul, 1849; William H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; William A. Hornish, 1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney & Dorr, 1853-to 1855; Peter Moriarty, 1855 to 1857; John Teesdale, 1857 to 1861; Francis W. Palmer, 1861 to 1869; Frank M. Mills, 1869 to 1870; G.W. Edwards, 1870 to 1872; R. P. Clarkson, 1872 to 1878; Frank M. Mills, 1878 to ---.

Adjutants General--Daniel S. Lee, 1851-5; Geo. W. McCleary, 1855-7; Elijah Sells, 1857; Jesse Bowen, 1857-61; Nathaniel Baker, 1861 to 1877; John H. Looby, 1877 to 1879; W.L. Alexander, 1879 to ---.

Attorneys General--David C. Cloud, 1853-56; Samuel A. Rice, 1856-60; Charles C. Nourse, 1861-4; Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (resigned January, 1866); Frederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867); Henry O'Conor, 1867-72; Marsena E. Cutts, 1872-6; John F. McJunkin, 1877 to 1881; Smith McPherson, 1881 to ---

Presidents of the Senate--Thomas Baker, 1846-7; Thomas Hughes, 1848; John J. Selman, 1848-9; Enos Lowe, 1850-1 William E. Leffingwell, 1852-3; Maturin L. Fisher, 1854-5; William

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W. Hamilton, 1856-7. Under the New Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is President of the Senate.

Speakers of the House--Jesse B. Brown, 1847-8; Smiley H. Bonhan, 1848-50; George Temple, 1851-2; James Grant, 1853-4; Reuben Noble, 1855-6; Samuel McFarland, 1856-7; Stephen B. Sheledy, 1858-9; John Edwards, 1860-1; Rush Clark, 1862-3; Jacob Butler, 1864-5; Ed. Wright, 1866-7; John Russell, 1868-9; Aylett R. Cotton, 1870-1; James Wilson, 1872-3; John H. Gear, 1874-7; John Y. Stone, 1878-9; Lore Alford, 1880-1; G.R. Struble, 1882 to ---.

New Constitutional Convention, 1859--Francis Springer, President, Thos. J. Saunders, Secretary.

STATE OFFICERS, 1882

Buren R. Sherman, Governor; O.H. Manning, Lieutenant Governor; John A.T. Hull, Secretary of State; William V. Lucas, Auditor of State; Edwin H. Conger, Treasurer of State; James K. Powers, Register of State Land Office; W.L. Alexander, Adjutant General; Smith McPherson, Attorney General; Edward J. Holmes, Clerk of the Supreme Court; Jno. S. Runnells, Reporter Supreme Court; J.W. Akers, Superintendent of Public Instruction; Frank M. Mills, State Printer; Matt. Parrott, State Binder; Prof. Nathan R. Leonard, Superintendent of Weights and Measures; Mrs. S. B. Maxwell, State Librarian.

THE JUDICIARY.

SUPREME COURT OF IOWA, 1882

Chief Justice, Austin Adams, Dubuque; Associate Judges, William H. Seevers, Oskaloosa; James G. Day, Sidney; James H. Rothrock, Tipton; Joseph M. Beck, Fort Madison.

DISTRICT COURTS, 1882

First Judicial District, Abraham H. Stutsman, Burlington; Second Judicial District, Edward L. Burton, Ottumwa; Third Judicial District, R.C. Henry, Mount Ayr; Fourth Judicial District, Charles H. Lewis, Cherokee; Fifth Judicial District, William H. McHenry, Des Moines; Sixth Judicial District, John C. Cook, Newton; Seventh Judicial District, Walter I. Hayes, Clinton; Eighth Judicial District, John Shane, Vinton; Ninth Judicial District, Sylvester Bagg, Waterloo; Tenth Judicial District, Ezekiel E. Cooley, Decorah; Eleventh Judicial District, James W. McKenzie, Hampton; Twelfth Judical District, Geo. W. Ruddick, Waverly; Thirteenth Judicial District, Joseph R. Reed, Council Bluffs; Fourteenth Judical District, Ed. R. Duffie, Sac City.

CIRCUIT COURTS, 1882.

First Judical Circuit, First District, William J. Jeffries, Mt. Pleasant; Second Judicial Circuit, First District, Charles Phelps,

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Burlington; Second Judicial Circuit, H.C. Traverse, Bloomfield; Third Judicial Circuit, D.D. Gregory, Afton; Fourth Judicial Circuit, J.R. Zuver, Sioux City; First Judicial Circuit, Fifth District, Josiah Given, Des Moines; Second Judicial Circuit, Fifth District, Stephen A. Callvert, Adel; Sixth Judicial Circuit, W.R. Lewis, Montezuma; First Judicial Circuit, Seventh District, Charles W. Chase, Clinton; Second Judicial, Seventh District, DeWitt C. Richman, Muscatine; Eighth Judicial Circuit, Christian Hedges, Marengo; Ninth Judicial Circuit, Benjamin W. Lacy, Dubuque; Tenth Judicial Circuit, Charles T. Granger, Waukon; Eleventh Judicial Circuit, D.D. Miracle, Webster City; Twelfth Judicial Circuit, Robert G. Reineger, Charles City; Thirteenth Judicial Circuit, C. F. Loofbourrow, Atlantic; Fourteenth Judicial Circuit, John N. Weaver. Algona.

UNITED STATES SENATORS

(The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.)

George W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858; Augustus C. Dodge, Burlington, Dec. 7, 1848-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865; James W. Grimes, Burlington, Jan. 26, 1858-died 1870; Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City, elected Jan. 13, 1866, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James Harlan; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, March 4, 1866-1872; James B. Howell, Keokuk, elected Jan. 20, 1870 to fill vacancy caused by the death of J.W. Grimes--term expired March 3d; George G. Wright, Des Moines, March 4, 1871-77; William B. Allison, Dubuque, March 4 1872; Samuel J. Kirkwood, March 4, 1877; James W. McDill, appointed to fill vacancy caused by the resignation of S. J. Kirkwood, in 1881, and elected Jan. 1882, to fill the unexpired term; James F. Wilson, elected Jan. 1882, for the full term, beginning March 4, 1883.

MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

Twenty-ninth Congress--1846 to 1847.--S. Clinton Hastings; Shepherd Leffler.
Thirtieth Congress--1847 to 1849.--First District, William Thompson; Second District, Shepherd Leffler.
Thirty-first Congress--1849 to 1851.--First District, First Session, Wm. Thompson; unseated by the House of Representatives on a contest, and election remanded to the people. First District, Second Session, Daniel F. Miller. Second District, Shepherd Leffler.
Thirty-second Congress--1851 to 1853--First District, Bernhart Henn. Second District, Lincoln Clark.
Thirty-third Congress--1853 to 1855--First District, Bernhart Henn. Second District, John P. Cook.

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Thirty-fourth Congress--1855 to 1857.--First District, Augustus Hall. Second District, James Thorington.
Thirty-fifth Congress--1857 to 1859--First District, Samuel R. curtis. Second district, Timothy Davis.
Thirty-sixth Congress--1859 to 1861--First District, Samuel r. Curtis. Second District, William Vandever.
Thirty-seventh Congress--1861- to 1863.--First District, First Session, Samuel R. Curtis.* First District, Second and Third Sessions, James F. Wilson. Second District, William Vandever.
Thirty-eighth congress--1863 to 1865.--First District, James F. Wilson. Second District, Hiram Price; Third District, William B. Allison; Fourth District, Josiah B. Grinnell; Fifth District, John A. Kasson; Sixth District, Asahel W. Hubbard.
Thirty-ninth Congres--1865-1867.--First district, James F. Wilson; Second District, Hiram Price; Third District, William B. Allison; Fourth District, Josiah B. Grinnell, Fifth District, John A. Kasson; Sixth District, Asahel W. Hubbard.
Fortieth Congress--1867 to 1869.--First District, James F. Wilson; Second District, Hiram Price; third District, William B. Allison; Fourth District, William Loughridge; Fifth District, Grenville M. Dodge; Sixth District, Asahel W. Hubbard.
Forty-first Congress--1869 to 1871.--First District, George W. McCrary; Second district, William Smyth; Third District, William B. Allison; Fourth district, William Loughridge; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer; Sixth District, Charles Pomeroy.
Forty-second Congress--1871 to 1873.--First district, George W. McCrary; Second district, Aylett R. Cotton; Third District, W.G. Donnan; Fourth District, Madison M. Waldon; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer; Sixth District, Jackson Orr.
Forty-third Congress--1873 to 1875.--First district, George W. McCrary; Second District, Aylett R. Cotton; Third District, William G. Donnan; Fourth District, Henry O. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson; Sixth District, William Loughridge; Seventh District, John A. Kasson; Eighth District, James W. McDill; Ninth District, Jackson Orr.
Forty-fourth Congress--1875 to 1877.--First District, George M. McCrary; Second District, John Q. Tufts; Third District, L.L. Ainsworth; Fourth District, Henry O. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson; Sixth District, Ezekiel S. Sampson; Seventh District, John A. Kasson; Eight District, James W. McDill; Ninth District, Addison Oliver.
Forty-fifth Congress--1877 to 1879.--First District, J.C. Stone; Second District, Hiram Price; Third District, T.W. Burdick; fourth District, H.C. Deering; Fifth District, Rush Clark; Sixth District, E.S. Sampson; Seventh District, H.J.B.Cummings; Eighth District, W.F. Sapp; Ninth District, A. Oliver.
____________
*Vacated seat by acceptance of commission as Brigadier General, and J.F. Wilson chosen his successor.

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Forty-sixth Congress.--1879-1881.--First District, Moses A. McCoid; Second District, Hiram Price; Third District, Thomas Updegraff; Fourth District, Nathaniel C. Deering; Fifth District, W.G. Thompson; Sixth District, James B. Weaver; Seventh District, Edward H. Gillette; Eighth District, William F. Sapp; Ninth District, Cyrus C. Carpenter.
Forty-Seventh Congress--1881-1883.--First District, Moses A. McCoid; Second District, Sewall S. Farwell; Third District, Thomas Updegraff; Fourth District, Nathaniel C. Deering; Fifth District, W.G. Thompson; Sixth District, Madison E. Cutts; Seventh District, John A. Kasson; Eighth District, William P. Hepburn; Ninth District, Cyrus C. Carpenter.

War Record

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